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                  <text>‘

RECENT MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE.

441

we think, redeems Motley from all misconstruction, placing him in
the position of nn unjustly treated public servant.
This memoir is the simple expression of tender and fervid
friendship, not without fair discrimination, by one who loved its
subject for high and fine qualities, with which his own nature can
sympathize. The author calls it only an outline, which may be of
service to a future biographer. No other hand than his own should
venture to complete it.
Mr. Conway appends to his name on the title-page of “ Demon­
ology and Devil-Lore ” his degree-mark of B. D. of Divinity Col­
lege, Harvard University. He omits a motto. We suggest “Parcus deorum cultor et infrequens.” He would scornfully ask if it is
not plain on every page that he worships no false gods ? Perfectly
so, and equally plain, for all the pages show that he worships no
gods at all. Granted that he may have convinced himself that the
religion of our day is a “ creed outworn.” Then, if he attacks it, it
is his duty to commend a substitute. At least, let him not deal
bitterly or sneeringly with “the fair humanities of old religion.”
For millions these are still the breath of life. If the writer really
believes Christianity to be a superstition, he will not strive to scoff
men out of it any more than he would wish to frighten them into it.
The double title of the book denotes a distinction between its
subjects. Devils are not demons. They differ in age, demons
being the eldest creation of human fancy and fear. They differ in
character, the acts of demons being impelled by the necessity of
their nature, while devils work with a malignant will. As the au­
thor states the distinction, the first personate the obstacles with
which men have had to contend in the struggle for existence, as
hunger, cold, destructive elements, darkness, disease. The latter
represent the history of the moral and religious struggles through
which churches and priesthoods have had to pass.
The idea of -a personal spirit of evil is the correlative of that of
a personal divinity. The primal thought of man that imaged the
last as a source of good must have been driven by the evil in nature
to shape the first as its cause.
One race copied or inherited the thought from another, and re­
ligion followed religion in adapting it to its needs. This principle
of dualism is carefully traced out by the author through a varied
series of legends and impersonations. We look in vain, however,
for the ultimate statement of the matter, which is really this : The
origin of evil has nowadays almost ceased to be discussed. Evil is

�442

THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW.

held either to be permitted by the Supreme Being as a discipline,
or, less theologically and more scientifically, to be the clinging taint
and weakness of the lower order of things out of which humanity
has emerged. In either case there is no need of a personal evil
spirit, and none the less need of a guiding divinity, for whom the
author seems to find no place.
The author traces the modern idea of an evil spirit to the con­
flict of religions. Nothing is more normal, in ancient systems, he
says, than the belief that the gods of other nations are devils. When
the new religious system prevails, the old idol is treated with re­
spect, and assigned some function in the new theologic regime.
The logic of this theory does not recommend it; but it is ingenious­
ly carried out through speculations too subtile to be even summa­
rized. In the course of them many traditions of our religion, now
conceded to be myths, are handled with the needless irreverence
and obtrusive contempt which weaken the author’s hold on the read­
er’s convictions.
Ingenious, however, and elaborate, his book certainly is. Its
researches present the story of every kind of goblin, imp, specter,
dragon, and thing that walketh in darkness, that has made human
life piteous since it began. It is rich in curious legends and myths
of the darker sort, and it is a startling proof of the halting prog­
ress of mankind, that some of the most ancient and horrible of
these superstitions, as the dread of the vampire and the were-wolf,
prevail at this day in certain parts of Europe.
Few women could employ the evening of a life in tracing the
remembrances of its early prime more agreeably than Mrs. Kemble
does. Her story ends abruptly, dramatically, with the words “1
was married at Philadelphia, on the 7th of June, 1834, to Mr.
Pierce Butler, of that city.” Scarcely more than a third of hex
conscious and active life is represented by those twenty-five years.
Yet there is nothing immature in this girlhood. It is filled with
little incidents, bright people, clever sayings. There is not much
sentiment, but plenty of honest, hearty family affection. The whole
memoir is so spirited, sunny, and confidential, that one reads it.
twenty pages at a time, with the kind of interest felt in reading a
piay.
The book is a record in substance as well as by its title. Soon
after her return to England from a French seminary, an acquaint­
ance grew up between Miss Kemble and a Miss H----- S----- ,
which on their separation was continued by correspondence. Her

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              <text>Place of publication: [New York, NY]&#13;
Collation:  441-442 p. ; 23 cm.&#13;
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