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CONTENTS.
PAGE
L’ Entente Oordiale.............. ....................... 523
The Inefficiency of Capital Punishment... 525
The Peace of God............v........................... 527
A Cow trying it on..............................
529
The Freedmen’s Association .................... 529
PAGE
The Re-action of Great Wrongs................
A Relic of Slavery .....................................
The Victory of Defeat.....................
“ Wayside Warhles” ..................................
The African Boy .........................................
530
533
534
535
537
L’ Entente Cordiale.
The French Invasion Panic has long been in a moribund state. The
funeral obsequies were performed at Cherbourg a few days ago, England
and France uniting to bury the dead monster with every possible de
monstration, not of sorrow, but of joy and exultation over its early and
gratefully welcome death. Its funeral oration was pronounced by the
French Minister of Marine, M. Chasseloup Laubat, who at the banquet
given to the Lords of the English Admiralty proposed the toast of
“Her Majesty, Queen .Victoria, and the ‘entente cordiale' between
England and France.” He said that the time of hostile rivalry between
the two countries had passed away. There now only remained emula
tion in doing everything that could advance the cause of civilisation
and liberty. “Freedom of the seas, pacific contests in labour,
beneficent conquests achieved by commerce,” said the French minister.
“ Such is the signification of the union of the noble flags of England
and France.”
The Duke of Somerset, the English First Lord of the Admiralty,
replying to the toast, thanked M. Laubat for the sentiments he had
expressed, and continued: “ We accept the toast as a proof of the
cordial friendship of the Emperor and the French nation for our Queen
and country. We also entertain, on our part, the same sentiments of
esteem for the Emperor of the French. In proposing the health of the
London: JOB CAUDWELL, 335, Strand. W.C.
Simpkin, Marshall & Co., and Kent & Co,
�524
THE BOND OP BROTHERHOOD.
[September 1, 1865.
Emperor, I wish to speak not only in the name of the government of
any political party, but in the name of every enlightened Englishman.”
These noble words were uttered respectively by the representatives of
the French and English Governments at Cherbourg, under the guns,
as it were, of the allied fleets, and under the shadow of those gigantic
fortresses which were so dexterously used by the alarmists in this
country, a very few years since, as a bugbear with which to frighten
the English nation into a belief in the imminent danger of a French
invasion and the necessity of a vast increase in our English armaments,
and the erection of costly new coast fortifications with which to
menace and dishearten our French neighbours.
It must be re-assuring, we think, to every “enlightened Englishman”
—as the Duke of Somerset expresses it—to find the invasion panic so
suddenly displaced, and so happily succeeded by an entente cordiale,
ratified by the friendly union of the two fleets at Cherbourg and Brest,
at Plymouth and Portsmouth, and confirmed by the most enthusiastic
demonstrations of popular approval and sympathy in both countries.
Det us adopt the words of the French Minister of Marine as a suitable
inscription to be graven on the tombstone of the departed “Panic” !
Can anything be more appropriate ? “ The time of hostile rivalry
between the two countries has passed away : there now only remains
emulation in everything that can advance the cause of civilisation and
liberty ! ” Is it possible that idle prejudices of the past can avail to
deter the English and French people from turning to practical account
these wise words which offer a new standard by which to regulate the
future international policy of Europe. The friendly confidence of the
two governments will surely inspire mutual confidence between the two
peoples, and we shall cease to deem it necessary to squander millions
upon millions of the hard earnings of industry upon those gigantic
standing armaments, which, now that “ the time of hostile rivalry has
passed away,” can only be regarded as burlesques upon our own pro
fession of mutual confidence and goodwill, and as scandals upon the
civilisation of the age in which we live. It will not do to rest satisfied
with fetes on either side of the channel, and fraternisation speeches
made by great naval authorities. These must be followed up by joint
endeavours to realise some of the practical fruits which the people have
a right to expect from demonstrations so happily suggestive of a good
time coming; a time when
War shall be
A monster of iniquity,
In the good time coming,
and when the burdens of the poor shall be lightened by a simultaneous
reduction of the armaments of Europe, and by the impetus which will be
given to the trade aDd commerce of all countries by the universal
feeling of confidence and stability which a policy of disarmament will
inspire. The advocates of “ Peace, Retrenchment, and Reform ” will
surely take heart, and seek every opportunity to impress upon the new
House of Commons the necessity of early and vigorous effort to give
substantial effect to the hopes and expectations raised by the recent
fraternisation at the great French and English naval ports. No pains
�September 1, 1865.]
THE BOND OF BROTHERHOOD.
525
will be spared by those interested in maintaining things as they are to
prevent any practical issue in the shape of greater economy in the war
like expenditure of the nation. The patronage and pay of the military
and naval services have been too long and too extensively enjoyed to
be lightly relinquished or even diminished, but the new currents of
public thought and feeling which have been set in motion at Plymouth
and Cherbourg, at Brest and Portsmouh, can never again be lulled
absolutely to rest. They cannot, they will not rest, but will bear us on
to yet higher and greater and more comprehensive ideas of the privileges
and duties of international relationship; the mistakes of the past will
be rectified as they come to be looked at from the new stand-point, and
it will be discovered that national security, national prosperity, and
national honour can be established upon a far sounder and more satis
factory basis through the agencies of Christian civilisation than through
a fatuous dependence upon the insane rivalry which has been so long
pursued in the maintenance of armed force. May the “ noble flags of
Prance and England” continue to float peacefully side by side through
all future time, and may the peaceful alliance of England and France
be at once an incentive and an example to all other states to aim at the
final abolition of all war, and the establishment of permanent and
universal peace throughout the world !
_____________ _____
E. P.
The Inefficiency of Capital Punishment.
To the Editor of the “Bond”
Sin,—Notwithstanding “the great moral lesson” of deterrence just
afforded hy the execution of Dr. Pritchard and others, five murders
at London and Ramsgate, and three at Bankside, have been perpetrated
almost before the termination of the summer assizes, which have
resulted in the solemn display of the gallows.
Thus we have another striking instance of the frequently illustrated
fact that the occurence of an execution, or of a notorious capital trial
for murder constitutes a strong presumptive probability of the speedy
repetition of further similar crime.
It was so in the metropolis last autumn. Muller was executed
November 14th, and on the evening of the very same day William
Bessemer, an engineer, stabbed Leonard Blackburn, in Berwick Street,
exclaiming, presently afterwards, “ I will be hung for him, as Muller
was for Briggs.” The same week Elizabeth Burns cut the throat of
her son, in Southwark, and stated to the magistrate (Mr. Woolrych)
“ Yes, I intended to murder them all, as I wish to die—I want to be
ihung.” A few days previously, Wm. Greenwood, a soldier, attempted
to murder Margaret Sullivan, in Gray’s-Inn-Road, and, on his appre
hension, said to a policeman: “ I will be hung for her, I don’t mind
swinging with Muller for such as her.” Again, just after Muller’s
sentence, another foreigner (Kohl) committed the horrible murder at
Plaistow for which he was shortly afterwards hanged. And nine days
after Muller’s execution Alfred Jackson .murdered Thomas Roberts at
Clerkenwell, almost under the shadow of the gallows of the Old Bailey.
�526
THE BOND OF BROTHERHOOD.
[September 1,1865.
Yet another murder also took place at Hatcham, near London, in the
interval between Muller’s sentence and execution. Such an extra
ordinary outbreak of homicidal crimes in the metropolitan district is,
I believe, utterly unprecedented, and if capital sentences are efficient
to deter, the period of their occurence should have been the very last
one where they might have been looked for.
The notorious quadruple execution at Liverpool two years ago,
instead of deterring from murder in that place, for some considerable
subsequent period at least, was followed in a few weeks by five murders
and one attempt to murder; all the crimes being committed in the
same town.
In like manner a recent execution for the murder of a child at
Chatham, by Burton (who had expressed a wish to be hanged), was
followed in a few weeks by another murder of a child in the same town
by Alfred Holden, who also repeatedly uttered a desire to be hanged,
a wish which was not refused • and a third murder was perpetrated at
Chatham shortly after these two executions.
Space would fail for the number and details of similar illustrations
which might be adduced evincing the tendency of capital sentences
and executions to foster a morbid desire for notoriety or murderous
imitation.
Recent events strongly exhibit the anomalous and very irregular
treatment of murderers which is inevitably necessitated by the enact
ment of death penalties. Juries will persist in acquitting murderers
even in peculiarly atrocious cases. The Home Office is again and
again importuned by deputations and individuals ; and necesarily so.
Pleas of insanity are raised on murder trials, both rightly and wrongly
in various cases according to the respective circumstances, but equally
bewildering and undesirable, whether such pleas are well founded or not.
The result of all this is confusion, wide-spread dissatisfaction, and
encouragement to the most violent persons. Thus two men have just
been sentenced to death at Winchester. One (Hughes) was hung
whilst the mob outside the gallows were calling loudly for the authori
ties to bring out the other (Broomfield), whose sentence had been
commuted. At the last Lent Assizes at Exeter, when the atrocious
child murderess, Charlotte Winsor, was first put on her trial, the jury
could not agree, eight being for an acquittal and four for a verdict of
guilty. A second jury have now found her guilty on the same charge,
but the irregularity has necessitated her reprieve. At the recent
Maidstone Summer Assizes, 1865, the bystanders were astounded at
the extraordinary and most unexpected acquittals of Thomas Jones
and Elizabeth Inglis, both charged with murder on evidence apparently
clear and strong. By a like special uncertainty in the enforcement
of capital penalties, a Dr. Smethurst was acquitted, and a Dr. Pritchard
hanged. At the execution of the latter, the mob loudly cheered
Calcraft, whilst at Wright’s execution in Southwark, yells and groans
evinced the general sense of an inconsistent departure from the recent
precedents of the Hall and Townley commutations.
But if capital punishment were abolished, there would then be
removed the chief cause of nearly all this irregularity, this sympathy
�September 1, 1865.]
THE BOND OF BROTHERHOOD.
527
for the criminal rather than for the victim, this unwillingness of juries
to convict, this inevitable danger of sometimes visiting inherent mental
affliction or disease with a fatal punishment, and this widespread
popular apprehension of administrative partiality or inequitable dis
tinction.
May the repeated experiences of these evils more and more awaken
and direct public attention to the superior efficacy of severe secondary
punishments for murder, with certainty of infliction, rather than capital
penalties necessarilly and inevitably encompassed with uncertainty,
and with many chances of partial or total escape for the most atrocious
and dangerous of criminals !
I remain, Sir, yours truly,
William Tallack,
Secretary to the Society for the Abolition
of Capital Punishment.
63, Southampton Street, Strand.
The *’ Peace of God.”
The grievous famines, the consequent diseases which prevailed in
some parts of France at the close of the tenth century, and the general
belief that the end of the world was at hand induced the great feudal
lords and the people to promise to abstain from private warfare. The
Ecclesiastics continued to preach this Peace of God, as it was called,
after men, recovering from these calamities, had began to violate it.
Some years afterwards, says a contemporary, Glaubius, all Europe
suffered again from a terrible famine, in fact for more than sixty years
famine and its attendant mortality came upon them as terrible scourges,
and awakened religious zeal which held the wars prevailing in every
province of France as violation of the laws of Christianity. In 1035,
a bishop announced that he had received from heaven the command to
preach peace on the earth. “Soon,” said Glaubius, “the bishops, first
in Aguitamo, soon after in the province of Arles and in the Lyonnese,
then in Burgundy, and at last in all France assembled councils at
which the clergy and all the people assembled. As it had been
proclaimed that it was the object of these councils to renew or renovate
the peace of the sacred institutions of the faith, the people assembled
with joy ready to obey the orders of the pastors cf the church. In
those councils a description was drawn out in chapters, containing a
list on one hand of all that was forbidden, and on the other of all that
the subscribers engaged not to do by a devout promise to God. The
most important of these engagements was that to preserve an inviolable
peace, so that men of all ranks might thereafter go without arms and
without fear, notwithstanding any pretence whatever for attacking them
which might have been previously made.”
When a provincial council had established this “Peace of God,”
public notice was given by a deacon mounting the pulpit and pro
nouncing a curse on those who should break the peace,—“We
�528
THE BOND OF BROTHERHOOD.
[September 1, 1865.
excommunicate all the knights of this bishopric who will not pledge
themselves to maintain peace and. justice; may they and all those
who help them to do evil be accursed; may they be found with Cain
the fratricide, with the traitor Judas, with Dathan and Abiram, who
descended alive into Hell.”* The bishops and the priests who held
lighted tapers extinguished them on the ground whilst the people
exclaimed, as one man, “ May God thus extinguish the happiness of
those who will not accept peace and justice.”
This “ Peace of God ” was so opposed to national manners that soon
after it was but little observed. But those who had sworn to do so agreed
to re-assemble at the end of five years, to give it greater stability.
With this object, says Sismundi, several provincial councils met in
1041, in Aguitamo, at which the term “Truce of God” was substituted
for “Peace of God,” and it was sought rather to limit than to abolish
war.
“We have,” says Sismundi, “ the acts of the Council of Tuluges, in
Roussillon, of Ansome, of St. Giles, and of some others, for the estab
lishment of the “ Truce of God.” These acts are not entirely uniform,
but the principle which all maintained was always to limit the right to
carry on war, and to forbid, under the severest ecclesiastical penalties
(even at the moment when all laws seemed abrogated by war) those
actions which were contrary to humanity and to the rights of men.
Notwithstanding the diversity of these enactments of council, a general
law on war and on the Truce of God, was adopted in Europe. Hosti
lities, even between soldiers, were restricted to certain days of the
week, and certain classes of persons were shielded from these hostilities.
Every warlike act, every attack, all rapine, all shedding of blood, was
forbidden between the setting of the sun on Wednesday evening and
its rising on Monday morning, so that only three days and nights in
the week were allowed for the violence of war and of vengeance.
During Lent no one could commence new fortifications, nor work on
the old.
The clergy if not armed, and churches not fortified were to be always
safe from violence. Agriculture, also, was protected. It was no longer
permitted at any time to wound or to injure peasants, whether men or
women, nor to arrest them except according to law for individual
breaches of it. The instruments of tillage, the stack-yard, cattle, &c.,
were placed under the protection of the “ Truce of God.” Some of
these things could not be taken as plunder, and others which might be
taken to be used were not to be burnt or otherwise destroyed.
In several provinces of Erance, peace officers and an armed police,
supported by a “ pacata” or “ peace-rate” were appointed to repress
infractions of this law. But in the little territory of Henry I. this
Truce was not permitted; that weak king deemed it an infraction of
his right, although himself unable to protect his subjects.
*
* Concilium Lemovicense Secundum, t. ix., p. 891.
f Concilium Tulugreuse, t. xi.,p. 510, &c., Hist, of Languedoc, lib. xiv., ch. 9.
As quoted by Sismundi, vol. iv., p. 250.
J Sismundi Historic des Francois, vol. 1‘”
�Septemper 1, 1865.]
THE BOND OF BROTHERHOOD.
529
Sismundi says : “ This legislation was often violated, and ultimately
became a dead letter, and yet we must consider it as the most glorious
of the efforts of the clergy one which contributed most to the develop
ment of feelings of commiseration amongst men, to their sufferings and
to their enjoyments, of as much peace and happiness as seemed possible
with their state of society.
A Cow Trying it on.
An illicit distiller in America recently run the machine” in a small
way for private consumption and for his neighbours’ use. He had
turned out seventeen gallons of the fieriest kind of whiskey, and poured
it in a tub to cool outside his domestic distillery. A poor honest
cow, parched with thirst, coming up, thrust her head into it, and
drank it off to the last drop. She staggered home, literally “ beastly
drunk,” and for weeks was the most miserable wretch that ever tried
to walk on four legs in vain. Day after day she was raised up and
assisted to stand by several moderate drinkers of less physical under
standing, but as soon as they withdrew their hands she would collapse
just like a human drunkard, and show all the symptoms of his drivelling
misery. It was a sad and striking parody on his condition.
The Freedmen’s Association.
This Association, with its working centre in Birmingham, is sending
munificent gifts of clothing to the freedmen in America. It is truly a
noble enterprise, blessing all who take part in it, as well as the beneficaries of such large benevolence. It is fitting that the two great
families of the Anglo-Saxon race should be united in the effort to help
these suddenly emancipated millions through the wilderness they must
cross before they can reach the Canaan of freedom, and enjoy its rights
and privileges. There is a strong determination in the Northern mind
that they shall not fall back into bondage. The most desperate efforts
will be made by the old slaveocracy to reduce them to that condition as
nearly as possible. But the North is on guard to defeat this purpose.
General Howard, at the head of the Freedmen’s Bureau at Washington,
is the very man to watch over the rights and interests of the emanci
pated negroes. The old West Indian combination will be resorted
to by their former masters to fix the tariff of their wages so low that
they shall have as little pecuniary interest in freedom as possible.
But this policy will not be allowed by the government. They are
determined that the freedman’s labour shall be placed on the same
footing as that of the whites, to be paid for, not according to colour but
quality.
The education of the negroes is progressing very favourably, showing
an eagerness on their part to be taught. In the city of New Orleans
there are 200 teachers, 15,000 children in the day schools, and 5,000
adults in the evening schools. Thus a vast number of negroes of both
sexes and all ages are learning to read and write. We hope that if
any qualification be required to entitle them to vote, it will not be
property, but the ability to read. The right of suffrage thus acquired
will be the reward and evidence of merit.
�530
THE BOND OF BROTHERHOOD.
[September1, 1865.
“ Walk from London to Land’s End and Back.”
This volume has been delayed a few weeks in the press, but will probably appear
by the 1st of October, if not before.
Subscriptions to the Gratuitous circulation fund of the “ Bond of Brotherhood :”
P. C., Plymouth.......................... ,........................................ ,......... 10 0
SEPTEMBER, 1865.
The Re-action of Great Wrongs.
We have glanced at the peculiar aggravations of the great wrong
inflicted upon the Negro. We have seen wherein his lot of servitude
and suffering has been embittered beyond the experience of any other
subject class in Christendom. We have noticed how Religion, Science,
Commerce and Political Economy were brought into the general con
spiracy against him, to' degrade his being as well as his condition.
How could he arise under the burden put upon him? With his
oppressors there was pffwer—seemingly all power to press him down
to the dust for ever. What could he do ? What could he say, when
even the one among a million of the ic superior race ” who essayed to
speak for him, a thousand miles from the house of his bondage, was
gagged, mobbed and threatened with the halter ? He had no tongue,
no speech nor power. Never was a lamb led more dumb to the
slaughter than he to the auction-block as a chattel. Could a human
being be more utterly helpless and hopeless ? He is not a shorn or
bound Samson grinding in his prison-house. He never had any
strength of his own. He never saw an hour of free play for his sinews
as a free man. What can he do for himself ? With what or whose
strength shall he break off this bondage and stand upright in the bold
stature of a man among men ?
He shall ‘‘learn to suffer and be strong ’’—stronger than Samson a
thousand-fold. He shall stand still and see the salvation of Grod
wrought in his behalf. He shall show this to the world, that the
mightiest human being on earth is the man who bends under the
greatest wrong. His wrong shall work for him by night and day with
the strength of Grod’s archangels. It shall work right and left. It
shall make the highest places and strongest places of human power
tremble. It shall make a continent quake and smite distant nations
with its retribution. All this has come. It is not a prophecy; it is
the most vivid reality before the world at this moment.
The very science of common schools tries to make children under
stand what physical forces are concealed in little things ;—what a drop
of water, a particle of air, or a grain of powder may be made to do if
�September 1, 1865.]
THE BOND OF BROTHERHOOD.
531
pent up and set in action in a certain way. The moral force of a tear
of sympathy, or of a sigh of convicted conscience is an agency that does
not act with a sudden explosive or expansive power like these elements
of nature. It may seem at first the merest trifle in the world; but it
shall work itself to a strength that shall rive the fabric of a nation and
change the condition of a race. This it has done, and the doing is
marvellous in our eyes. Fifty years ago, the wrong put upon the
Negro had hardly begun to act upon the mind of Christendom. The
moral force that was to rend the structure of his oppression had hardly
as yet worked itself to the measure of a single tear of sympathy in his
behalf. Little by little the public conscience on both sides of the
Atlantic began to show a faint sensibility to his condition. The pent
up force was working. The little drop of sympathy for the Slave
produced small explosions of human nature here and there. The still
small voice in favour of his freedom called out a thousand strong voices
in favour of his bondage. Then the still small voice grew louder and
stronger at every utterance. It would not down. The tempest of
denunciation could not stifle it. The Power that made and moves the
world was in it, small as it was, as in the day of Elijah. Doctors of
Divinity cried “infidelity!” at it from the pulpit. Statesmen cried
“fire!” from the platform. Journalists re-echoed the cry and stirred
up mobs to club down the preachers of the new doctrine. The
merchants on’Change shouted “Great is Diana of the Ephesians!”
The battle was joined at every point of issue between the friends of the
Slave and the abettors of his bondage. The latter threw down the
gauntlet upon the opened Bible and challenged a discussion of the
subject between its leaves. Theologians, Physiologists, Social Econo
mists, Political Philosophers, College Professors and writers of all
grades of talent and position elaborated arguments of every texture to
prove that the Negro was in his right place. Why break up the
foundation of society and seek to set aside the ordinance of Providence,
to overthrow a divine institution, all out of a fanatic and useless
sympathy for him ? Then the Great Wrong began to show its power.
“ There was a dreadful sound in the ears ” of its perpetrators. The
restless pulse of an evil conscience threw up mire and dirt. They and
their abettors grew more and more desperate. South cried to North,
“Stop that voice ! Smite the Abolitionists on the mouth ! Stay this
fanatical agitation! ”
But the voice went on; for it was not the earthquake or the windy
tempest, otherwise it would have ceased. It was not loud, and it was
the breath of a June breeze compared with the voices that essayed to
drown it. It was still and strong, for it was the utterance of the moral
conscience of a constantly increasing host against the iniquity. Per
haps it may become the earthquake in the end. We shall see. The
struggle thickens and widens. The Negro is bending in silence to his
bondage. He hardly hears a distant murmur of the din of the battle
oyer him. His ears are stopped by his master ■ his lips are sealed ;
his hands are bound. Who so helpless and hopeless as he ? Indeed !
What one human being on the face of the earth is so strong ? Who
ever had more voices to plead for him, or hands to work for him, or
�532
THE BOND OF BROTHERHOOD.
[September 1,1865.
hearts to hope for him ? He has learned in silent waiting “ to suffer
and be strong.
How that strength makes the capitol at AVashington
tremble from door stone to dome! How it sways back and forth all
the millions of the nation from ocean to ocean! It moves every politi
cal and ecclesiastical assembly convened in the country. The national
Congress, the State Legislatures, Missionary Societies of every name
and denomination, are stirred to deep emotion by its action on them.
It deepens and widens over the silent Negro. The Continent is cleared
for action; it is cleared of all other questions of discussion. There is
not room for them; they are too small and temporary compared with
the principle involved in the Slave’s condition and rights. The nation
cannot talk of the routine details of political economy, of Bank, Tarifs,
Internal Improvements and the like, over him. He is still and meek,
and makes no movement towards righting himself. He does not even
consciously aid those who are labouring to right him. Ho simply
suffers, quietly and tongueless. But his Great Wrong has come to its
hour. Poor, reviled, oppressed and degraded being, the world has
called him. The world shall now see what his Wrong shall do. It has
come to its hour and to its full strength. The God of the oppressed
has nerved it with the sinews of His omnipotence. How puny were
Samson’s in comparison I It takes hold of the central pillars of a
mighty republic flushed with its growth and greatness. See how the
deep foundations quiver! See how the fabric reels, with all its
treasured histories, hopes and ambitions ! What a crash! What a
crash! What a rending and shivering of goodly timbers and stones
framed and carved by the old and venerated builders of the boasted
temple of freedom!
The Gbeat Whong- came to Judgment.
It spread its retributions with even-handed justice over all who had
participated in the guilt of the oppression, far and near. Every cotton
spindle in Europe felt the benumbing thrill of the shock. The pulse of
the weaver’s beam fell to a weak, slow beat; his shuttle lagged on its
way. Every man, woman and child in Christendom who had touched,
tasted and handled the produce of the Slave’s toil was reached in the
great inquisition. The burden of the judgment was heavy upon distant
nations. At one time it seemed as if the whole of Christendom would
be ignited into a blaze by the flying fire-brands from the burning house
of bondage. Thus the earthquake was in the still small voice. If the
Almighty ever walked over the world in a still small voice, He did in
that. Vox populi vox Dei. That was an axiom of the heathen world.
How much truer it is in this ! The voice of the people does not mean
a temporary and impulsive utterance, a sudden explosion of a fitful
thought or temper. It means the steadily-growing conscience, a deep,
earnest, active sentiment which grows to an irresistible power, mighty
through God to the pulling down of the strongest hold that Satan
can build on earth. The heathen maxim falls far short of the truth.
This public sentiment is not only the voice but the right arm of
Omnipotence among men. He works through no other agency in
overthrowing the great iniquities of the world. Before it Slavery falls
with the crash of a tremendous ruin. All the cupidities and sophistries,
�September 1,1865.]
THE BOND OF BROTHERHOOD.
533
all the stays and girders of Scriptural argument, all the beams and
Ibuttresses of Science, bribed by self-interest or prejudice, that were
(brought to compact and strengthen the great structure of oppression,
are flying hither and thither like straws on the wind. Before it War’s
turn to fall shall come in like manner. Before it the Great Red Curse
shall be drummed out of the world, as a disgrace to the ranks of
Humanity. Its butchering-irons shall rust in one everlasting grave'
with the broken fetters of Slavery; and the leech shall no more slake
its thirst at the veins of the human race.
Before it Intemperance, with its wider reign of moral ruin, shall beat
a retreat and call off its marauding furies, to prey no more upon the
homes of mankind.
Before it, Oppression, Idolatry, Superstition, and every other great
Organism of Sin or Ignorance, shall fall one by one. For the tide and
the strength of this mighty sentiment are arising. It gathers force
from every new grapple with Moral Evil.
We have dwelt upon the retributive re-action of Great Wrongs,—
upon the sure and inevitable judgment they bring upon their perpe
trators and abettors, punishing them in every interest they thought to
advance by their iniquity. In fact, we have confined our remarks
chiefly to the penal department of their issues. We have not yet
considered their Moral Mission proper. This we may make the subject
of another article.
E. B. -v
A Relic of Slavery.
■*
The Tower of London has its block of bloody history, on which many
a noble neck was severed by the axe. The Museum of the Natural
History Society, Boston, has recently had a block added to its relics
which in times coming may be looked at with the same feeling. It is
the Charleston auction-block, on which thousands of slaves have been
knocked down to new masters under the hammer. At the capture of
that southern city—the very seat and citadel of slavery—this block was
found at the deserted shambles, and conveyed to Boston. It was placed
for public view in the great Music Hall, and a meeting was held to
celebrate the triumph. When William Lloyd Garrison entered the hall,
and stood upon the block to address the audience, a scene ensued of
thrilling interest. Many were present who could remember when he
faced such persecution and obloquy in Boston as no other American ever
confronted, in his attempts to plead for the slave. Some may have
remembered the very words of that impassioned utterance in face of a
tempest of opposition: “lam in earnest, and will be heard!” He was
heard, and here he was at last, standing upon the central auction-block of
the South, a relic of the system against which he had laboured with such
heart and hope from his youth up. The whole assembly arose to their
feet and greeted him with a reception worthy of the man and of the
occasion. Charles Sumner, also, and other old champions of freedom
spoke from the same platform.
<
E. B.
�584
THE BOND OF BROTHERHOOD.
[September 1,1865.
The Victory of Defeat.
No defeat of the two great allies, Science and Art, ever carried away
so many of the best laurels of victory as the breakage of the electric
bond that was to connect the two hemispheres. It was a grand dis
comfiture, which brought out such latent and invincible energies or
human faith, hope, and courage on one hand, and such resources of
hitherto unfathomed science and art on the other, as a complete victory
could never have revealed to the world. All hail, say we, to that
sublime defeat, with its heroic antecedents and glorious subsequents !
It was grievous to the athletes of Anglo-Saxon pluck, who wrestled
with the elements of misfortune. It was a sore and heavy battle for
them. Never men before stood the strain of such a struggle. Tennyson
ought to celebrate it in verse of as lasting a memory as the Atlantic
itself. It would be a grander subject for his genius than the “ Charge
of the Six Hundred” at Balaclava. England and -America should pass
a joint resolution of thanks to the heroes, that they did not despair of
the cable when it fell back into its mid-ocean bed the last time, and
all their fishing lines and rods were broken. It was a loss heavy to be
borne by the stockholders: but who else would sell that experience
out of the history of the world for a million sterling ! The morale itself
is worth to mankind the value of a hundred of those ostentatious events
generally called victories. But the science that unmasked, in the battle
with the ocean, ingenuities that startle the imagination with their
subtlety and power will have for-ever a working value among men “that
cannot be meted out in words nor weighed with language.” Jason and
his companions did something in their day with a vessel which may
have been called a “ Great Eastern ” by the multitude. How small
its exploits, with all the help of the heathen gods to boot, compared
with the mighty sea-walker that trailed this electric cable across the
ocean’s bed to almost within sight of the other shore! If the victory
had been complete, if no little iron bodkin, no headless pin, concealed
in the coating of the lightning-courser, had pierced the cuticle and
punctured the vital vein, how small would have been the success,
brilliant as it would have been, compared with the results won for the
world in this actual issue of the expedition ? Who can measure, from
the standpoint of the present hour, those results, either in number or
importance ? Hundreds of hardy enterprises the world would not else
have thought of may grow out of one of the consequences of the great
experiment. Science, in the sublime crisis, changed its base. To use
the subtle phrase of a distinguished politician, it extended its forces
“ vertically" as well as laterally and magnificently in both directions,
which was a great improvement on his axiom. The Great Eastern did
not go out with any such idea in its head or at its stern; and if the
cable had not parted, the banks of Newfoundland would not have become
the grounds of a fishery never before dreamed of. The vast ship,
sidling backward and forward like a stealthy angler, trailing hook and
line to catch with its barbs a small electric eel buried in the mud at
the depth of two miles and more, and raising the slimy reptile half way
to the surface at the first trial—this is a picture, this is a power, worthy
�SeptemBCTisss.]
THE BOND OF BROTHERHOOD.
535
painter’s pencil and the poet’s pen. It is no fault of science that
the line broke once, twice, or thrice, and the hook went to the bottom
of the deep sea, with the heavy reptile in its clasp. Art will “ cut and
try” again. Art will make tackle that will fish up from the depths of
ocean heavier things than electric cables. Who can tell where and
■ft what this “ vertical extension of the suffrage” of science will end ?
What new fisheries will be opened, what hooks will be barbed and
baited for broken ships, and for treasure buried in seas never fathomed
before ? How Science will walk the ocean wild and wide, and trail her
dark lanterns along its undulating floor, peering into its caverned
mysteries, and exploring all its hidden biocracies ?
Then, putting aside these grander results of the defeat, it was worth
the breakage that the men of the Great Eastern were able to stick a
pin right over the place where the splintered end of the cable went
down—a pin with a great hollow head to it, called a buoy, and then to
sail all the way back to England with a good heart in them, believing
that, when fitted out with stronger hook and line, they would tread out
westward again and find that pin’s head among the rolling seas and
dank fogs, just where they left it. To do such a thing is a mighty feat
of science and art. To believe it may be done, and to make that belief
take hold of the hearts of common sailors and nerve them for a new
trial, this has its morale of great value to the age in which we live.
With these views, we repeat, all hail to the sublime defeat I The
genius of Old Ocean might say with Pyrrhus over a partial triumph ;
“ One more such a victory and I am lost.”
E. B.
“Wayside Warbles.”
By the Bideford Postman Poet.
We wish all our readers would read this volume of poems by Edward
Capern, the Bideford Postman Poet. He is the Robert Burns of
Devonshire, and we think some of his verses will equal anything the
Scotch bard ever wrote in the way of touching pathos and beauty. No
equal space in Ayrshire has been set to more joyous music of a poet’s soul
than the postal beat of Edward Capern. It extends six miles out from
Bideford to a small rural village called Buckland Brewer. This he
-has walked for many years, and he walks it now with his letter-bags.
And while he walks, he “ warbles by the wayside ” about everything he
sees—lads and lassies, flowers, birds and bees, and trees, and brooks, and
barn-yards, mills and rills. He gives them the pulse and voice of life,
and sets them a singing for very joy. While waiting for his little mail
in the village on the hill, he writes out these musings by the way;
sometimes carrying home with him two or three songs on different
subjects. On our recent “ Walk from London to Land’s End and Back,”
ye spent several days with him, and accompanied him on his postal
beat, and sat by him at the cottage table in. the village, on which he
Bias penned most of his poems, and saw many of the subjects of his
song. His muse is naturally as joyous as the lark’s, and sings as
spontaneously. A rich, rollicking happiness wells up in his verse on
bird, bee, brook or flower. The two concluding verses of “My Excuse”
explain his predilection for the scene and subjects of his singing:
�536
THE BOND OE BROTHERHOOD.
The lonely bird that wakes the night
Down in the dingle-bushes,
Ne’er imitates the skylark’s note,
Nor warble of the thrushes.
The linnets, too, have their own song,
The happy little darlings !
And next the oratorio
Loud chanted by the starlings.
*
«"
[September 1, 1865.
'
The storm-cock braves the wintry blast,
In his bold lay delighting,
And sings, like me, the loudest oft
When winds are cold and biting.
Each has its own delicious way
In trilling Nature’s praises ;
And I have mine, which sweetest sounds
Among my native daisies.
Up to a recent date all his verse was as mirthful as the laughter of a
meadow brook. It fairly bubbled over with a glory of gladness. But
suddenly a great and almost crushing sorrow fell down upon his spirit.
His only darling daughter “ Milly ” was taken away. “ Under the
shadow of this afifetion. his soul sat dumb ” for a season. Then his
muse began to J^reathe a strain never heard before. In a part of the
volume entitled (i Willow Leaves,” several poems touching on this
grief are given, which, to our mind, are as full of the mournful beauty
of sorrow as Burns ever put into verse. We subjoin one of these,
headed “ The Two Minstrels,” mostly for the two last stanzas :
THE TWO MINSTRELS.
Now while hedgerows, high and swelling,
All with clover sweetly smelling
In the new made hay;
,
Where the golden sunbeams shimmer
Through'the leafy lanes of “ summer,”
Drowsy with the heat and glimmer,
I betake my way.
List! is that the skylark soaring ?
What a passionate outpouring
Of his love and joy!
Hark! how loud his notes are trilling,
AU my soul with rapture filling !
So sang I with soul as willing,
When I was a boy.
See, along the plains of Heaven,
Mimicking the ’fields of Devon,
Snow white swaths are seen:
“ Hear me, unseen meader there,
With thy scythe so keen and bare,
Mowing down its lilies fair,
Lacking meadows green!
�September 1, 1865.]
THE BOND OF BROTHERHOOD.
537
Have you not a saintly stranger,
Freed from sorrow, death and danger,
Like a ray of light,
Fairer than your snowy showers,
. Visiting your pleasant bowers,
Gathering celestial flowers,
Like your blossoms white ? ”
If so, ’tis my maiden Milly,
And, I pray thee, tell that lily,
In the fields of God,
Tuneful, from this desert springing
Oft I fly, the bright air winging,
But, lark like, I cease my singing
When I touch the sod.”
The African BoyWhen Jesus came on the earth, he brought man a golden rule with him. He said,
“Do unto others as ye would that they should do unto you.” “ Overcome evil with
good,” and many other beautiful truths were brought and left on record for our
lasting benefit. Our Saviour acted on the law of kindness. He never spoke an
unkind word. “ When He was reviled, He reviled not again; when He suffered,
He threatened not.” His was indeed a bright example for all, for the young and
the old, the rich and the poor. How thankful then ought we to be, that we can
enjoy this blessed book, the Bible, undisturbed and at so cheap a price ! Some dark
countries have not yet enjoyed the light of the Gospel. How then can we be sur
prised if they give way to naughty passions, and are cruel and harsh to one another?
How different is your lot from theirs! and how different should your conduct be !
Compare your situation with that of the poor African,—the poor black negro! They
have a heart and a soul as you have ; there is feeling under the black skin as well
as under the white. The same Great King who made you—made them! Whyshould you have more advantages than they ? But so it is. Prize your high privi
leges, and pray for the poor negroes. Oh, you do not know, dear children, how
thankful, how delighted these poor creatures are when good white men carry the
blessed truths to them; and it was but the other day that I heard two gospel
ministers speaking of poor benighted Africa, where they have lately been travelling.
They said they had preached in many large assemblies, and seen many eyes bathed
in tears,—all anxious to hear of their dear Saviour. No doubt their kind words and
the blessed gospel that they preached touched the hearts of the poor blacks. Perhaps
many had never heard of Christ before. One little circumstance I must mention
that they related. A little boy about nine years of age, went out to service. His
mistress was a kind, pious woman. After a short time he became dull, spoke little,
and seemed as if a dark cloud was passing over his once bright mind. The lady
asked him what was the matter. “Oh!” said he, “my heart rough: my heart
bad; me no love Jesus! ” She encouraged him with kind words, and told him where
to look for help and comfort. A few days more passed, and again he seemed the
same happy creature. Upon his mistress inquiring as to the change, “ My heart
smooth; my heart smooth ; me love Jesus ! ” This is a simple little story, but one
of great interest. If ever you meet with poor negroes, treat them kindly; do not
laugh at them, as some wicked children do, because they differ from you. Try to
win them to Christ, and again I say, pray for them !
Lousia A.
�'
538
THE BOND OF BROTHERHOOD.
ond of-brotherhood,vol. xv.,
B
for 1864, bound in wrappers, imitation cloth;
price One Shilling and Fourpence, Post-free.
Job Caudwell, 335, Strand, London, W.C.
[September 1, 1865,
3s. per Annum post free.
THE HERALD OF PEACE.
Official
1 Organ of the Peace Society. 19, New BroadStreet, London.
Important Notice to Purchasers of Books.
Cheap Edition.
NY BQOK sent free on receipt of the THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS: Its
published price in stamps or Post-office
orders on the Strand Office, by Job Caudwell,
335, Strand, London, W.C.
GRIND YOUR OWN FLOUR!
N consequence of the great adulteration
of Flour and the poisonous compounds in
Bread, Job Caudwell, has manufactured some
STEEL FAMILY MILLS, to stand on a table
or fasten to a post, which, for cheapness, dura
bility, and execution, cannot be equalled.
Post
Stand
Mill.
Mill.
£ s. d. £ s. d.
No. 1 will grind lflbs. per hour 1 8 0 - 1 10 0
do. -1 15 0 - 1 18 0
13
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Sieves, coarse or due, 4s. each.
Independent of the great benefit derived from
having pum bread, the economy effected will
soon repay the outlay. Wheat at 6s. per bushel
yields bread at 4|d. the 4-lb. loaf. See “Our
Daily Bread,” price 2d. P. O. Orders on the
Strand Office, in favor of Job Caudwell, 335,
Strand, W.C.
URTON’S UNFERMENTED WINE,
B
made from the juice of the finest Grapes,
is the best element for the Lord’s Table.
has been analysed and pronounced perfectly
free from Alcohol by Dr. Arthur Hill Hassall,
Dr. J. M. Davison,University College, T. A. Smith,
Esq., Lecturer on Chemistry, and other eminentmen, and is strongly recommended by the Revs.
Dr. Jabez Burns, Ebenezer Davies, Dawson
Burns, Isaac Doxsey, &c., &c.—Price, 2s. 6d. per
bottle; 24s. per dozen; Half-bottles, Is. 6d. each,
or 14s. per dozen.—Post-Office Orders to be made
payable at the Strand Office.
Job Caudwell, 335, Strand, London, W.C.
Third Edition, One Penny.
GETARIAN COOKERY for the
Million; containing what to eat, and how
to prepare it, with instructions and Recipes for
One Hundred and Sixty different Dishes, suitable
for families, bachelors, invalids, children, &c.,
showing the best, cheapest, and happiest mode
of living. By Job Caudwell, F.R.S.L. “Live
not to Eat, but Eat to Live.”
Job Caudwell, 335, Strand, London, W.C.
OB
J
CAUDWELL’S
HOMEO
-L Strength and its Weakness. By Edmuwd
Fey, Price 6d. post free.
London : Job Oaudwell, 335, Strand.
Fifteenth Thousand.
HY I HAVE TAKEN THE
W
PLEDGE ; or an Apology for Total Absti.
nence and the Permissive Maine Law. By the
Very Rev. Francis Close, D.D., Dean of Carlisle.
Price 3d. Two copies post-free for 6d.
London : Job Caudwell, 335, Strand, W.C.
Temperance
champagne.
Unfermented and entirely free from Spirit;
also Soda Water, Lemonade, Tonic Water
(Quinine), Ginger Beer, Soyer’s Nectar, Potash
Water and Seltzer Water.—CHAS. E. CODD
AND CO., 112, High Holborn, London.—Pricelists on application. Country orders must be
accompanied by Post-office Order, or a London
Reference.
Monthly, Eight pp. Super Royal Quarto,
Beautifully Illustrated. Now Ready, No. 16,
Price One Penny, the
British workwoman out and
AT HOME. “A woman that feareth the
Lord, she shall be praised. Give her out of the
fruit of her hands, and let her works praise her.”
Proverbs xxi., 30-31.
Communications for the Editor can be sent to
Office of “British Workwoman,” 335, Strand,
London. W.C.
It
*** A Specimen Number sent to any address
on receipt of two postage stamps. Four
Copies, post free, for four stamps. London:
Job Caudwell, 335, Strand, W.C.
Temperance
spectator,
Temperance
star, Weekly,
Monthly, Twopence, post free, Threepence,
is an Independent Journal, advocating TotalAbstinence from intoxicating drinks and Prohi
bition of the Liquor Traffic. Contributions from
the best authors enrich its pages from time
to time, exhibiting the complete' harmony of
Teetotalism and Prohibition with the teachings
of Scripture, Science, and Experience. The
TEMPERANCE SPECTATOR is the recognised
monthly of the Teetotal and Prohibition world,
and consequently the best medium for adver
tisers. Three copies post free for Sixpence.
Vol I., II., m., IV., V. and VI., cloth, 3s. each.
Job Caudwell, 335, Strand, London, W.C.
One Halfpenny, 8 copies, post free for
Fourpence; Monthly parts, Threepence; contains
with other revised arrangements,Leading Articles
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denounces Alcohol as a poison, and demands
the suppression of the traffic, as opposed to the
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Job Caudwell 335, Strand, London, W. 0.,
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NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.—AU Advertise
and prevents its turning sour on the most ments must be sent to Job Caudwbll, 335,
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tin-foil packets, at Is. 8d. per pound.
Robinson and Waitt, Printers, 6a, Dowgate Hill, Cannon Street, E.C.
�
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Victorian Blogging
Description
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A collection of digitised nineteenth-century pamphlets from Conway Hall Library & Archives. This includes the Conway Tracts, Moncure Conway's personal pamphlet library; the Morris Tracts, donated to the library by Miss Morris in 1904; the National Secular Society's pamphlet library and others. The Conway Tracts were bound with additional ephemera, such as lecture programmes and handwritten notes.<br /><br />Please note that these digitised pamphlets have been edited to maximise the accuracy of the OCR, ensuring they are text searchable. If you would like to view un-edited, full-colour versions of any of our pamphlets, please email librarian@conwayhall.org.uk.<br /><br /><span><img src="http://www.heritagefund.org.uk/sites/default/files/media/attachments/TNLHLF_Colour_Logo_English_RGB_0_0.jpg" width="238" height="91" alt="TNLHLF_Colour_Logo_English_RGB_0_0.jpg" /></span>
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Conway Hall Library & Archives
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2018
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Conway Hall Ethical Society
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Bond of Brotherhood Conducted by Elihu Burritt. Vol. XVI, No. 182, September 1865
Creator
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League of Universal Brotherhood
Description
An account of the resource
Place of publication: London
Collation: [523]-538 p. ; 23 cm.
Notes: Also known as Elihu Burritt's Bond of Brotherhood. Contents include: L'Entente Cordiale -- The inefficiency of capital punishment -- A relic of slavery. Elihu Burritt was a temperance and anti-slavery activist. At top of title page: Registered for Transmission Abroad. From the library of Dr Moncure Conway. Printed by Robinson and Waitt, Cannon Street, London.
Publisher
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Job Caudwell; Simpkin, Marshall & Co.
Date
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[1865]
Identifier
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G5386
Subject
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Pacifism
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Burritt, Elihu [1810-1879] (ed)
Rights
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<img src="http://i.creativecommons.org/p/mark/1.0/88x31.png" alt="Public Domain Mark" /><br />This work (Bond of Brotherhood Conducted by Elihu Burritt. Vol. XVI, No. 182, September 1865), identified by Humanist Library and Archives, is free of known copyright restrictions.
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application/pdf
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Text
Language
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English
Conway Tracts
Peace
Slavery